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高中英语谓语动词时态教案标准格式版本

2023-09-27 17:31:50 21好文网 英语教案

高中英语谓语动词时态教案

  一、动词时态的定义:用动词的不同形式来表示动作发生在不同的时间。

  二、动词时态的种类和形式:动词时态根据其时间体态共合成十六种时态:下面以动词work为例说明各种时态的不同形式:

  一般进行完成完成进行现在work(s)(am,are.is)am/are/is workinghave(has)worked[have(has)beenworking]过去worked(was,were)were/was workinghad worked[had been working]将来will/shall work[will/shall be working][will/shall have worked]will/shallhave been working过去将来would/should workwould/should beworkingwould/should haveworkedwould/should have been working

  注:上表中黑体字部分为常用八种时态,括号[]内的部分为高考需要了解的时态。

  三、常用八种时态的基本用法

  I、一般现在时:表示经常发生的动作或现在所存在的状态或客观真理。

  He often gets up at six o'clock in the morning.

  He is a student,and he hasa lot of books.

  The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.

  Water boilsat 100 degrees celsius.

  Ⅱ、现在进行时:表示说话时或现阶段正在发生着的一个动作。

  It is raining now.

  He is teaching English and learning Chinese.

  一般现在时和现在进行时的区别:

  ①表示现在的状态时,多用系动词或状态动词;一般不用现在进行时。

  Ice feels cold.(一般不用现在进行时)He has many books.(一般不用现在进行时)

  ②表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。若表示现在或现阶段发生的动作要用现在进行时。

  He teaches English in our school.(表示经常)He is teaching English and learning Chinese.(表示现阶段)

  ③现在进行时常与always、often等频度副词连用,表经常反复的动作或某种感情色彩)The girl is always talking loud in public.

  常见状态动词有下列四类动词:(一般不宜用现在进行时)。

  (A)表示心理状态、情感的动作:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,think、mind,wish,agree,mean,need。

  (B)表存在的状态的动词:have,own,exist,lie,remain,seem,appear,belong to,depend on。

  (C)表示一时性动作的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。

  (D)表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。

  I know what you mean.

  Smith owns a car and a house.

  All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.

  Ⅲ、一般将来时:

  ①表示未来某时或一个阶段将发生的动作或状态。(常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow、next week等)。

  ②表示一种必然趋向或习惯动作。

  We'll die without air or water.

  注:在时间、条件、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。

  几种表示将来动作的句型及其区别:

  1、be going to与will/shall

  ①be going to表示现在打算在将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/will 表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。

  The size and the price ane OK,so'll take it.(此句中不可用be going to)

  ②be going to表示根据某些事实推断必然发生的动作。Wi则表示一种必然趋向,无需据推断。

  Fish will die without water.(必然趋向)The fish is going to die soon.(根据这条鱼现在的状况做出的`推断)

  ③be going to表将来,不能与条件状语从句连用;而will则能,表意愿。如:

  If it is fine,we'll go fishing.(正确)If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(错误)

  2、be to do与be going to be to do sth.表按组织的计划、安排即将发生的动作。be going to do是按主语自己的计划,安排将要做的动作。

  He is going to Beijing for a visit next week.(他自己打算去)He is to go to Beijing on business next week.(组织让他去)

  3、be about to do.表示“即将,就要”,后面不能接具体时间状语。常与when引导的时间状语连用:be about to do sth..when.“正要做某事,就在这时又…"

  Autumn harvest is about to start.

  I was about to leave when a friend of mine came.

  4、少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按时刻表规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间顺序肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。

  The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.

  Tomorrow is Wednesday.

  5、表近期特定的安排或计划;go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。强调紧迫感。

  如:

  I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.

  We are leaving on Friday.

  IV.过去将来时:与一般将来时对比,表示以过去的某时为准还没有发生而将要发生的动作。

  He said he would come to see you.(在他说的时候还没有来)上述“几种表示将来动作句型及其区别”也适应于过去将来时。

  V、一般过去时:(考核重点)。表示过去某时或某一阶段发生的动作或状态。常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;如:

  I met her in the street yesterday.

  I once saw the famous star here.

  They never drank wine.

  VI.过去进行时:过去某时或某一阶段内正在进行的动作。

  I was reading a book at 8 yestoday.

  It was raining last night.

  VII.现在完成时:

  1.表示过发生的动作,对现在的影响。

  I have ready seen the film.

  2.表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。(只用于延续动作)常与for、since引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks)、in recent years等。

  We have learned 3000 English words since we began to study English.

  He has lived in Beijing for 5 years.

  注:①在用法2中如有不延续动词,必须改换为延续动词:

  如:表示“他来这时已经3天了。”

  He has been here for three days.不能说:He has come here for three days.

  come不延续动词,改为be延续动词

  又如:“他参军已经三年了。"不能说:He has joined the Amy for three years.

  应该说:He has been an army man for three years.这里join为不延续动词,改为be延续动词,并根据意义做相应的改动:be an army man

  ②下列句型中常用现在完成时

  It is(has been)+一段时间+since从句

  This(That/It)is the first(second..)time that+完成时VIm.过去完成时(考核重点)。

  ①表示过去某时之前发生的动作。常与by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。

  如:By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.

  The train had left before we reached the station.

  ②表示过去发生的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间。常与for,since时间状语连用。

  We had already learned English for five years by the end of last year.

  几种表示“过去的“时态的区别:

  1、“一般过去时”与“过去进行时”的区别:

  一般过去时:表示过去某时或某一阶段发生的动作或状态(在指定时间内完成)过去进行时:表示过去某时或某一阶段内正在进行的动作(在指定时间内未完成)It rained last night.(雨在指定时间last night结束)It was raining last night.(雨在指时间last night下着,不知什么时间停的)如果指定“点时间”,不延续动词只能用一般过去时,而延续动词只能用过去进行时。

  He came here at 8 o'clock yesterday.

  He was reading a book at 8 o'clock yesterday.

  2、“一般过去时”与“现在完成时”的区别:

  一般过去时:表示过去某时或某一阶段发生的动作或状态。(有确切的过去时间)现在完成时:表示过发生的动作,对现在的影响。(无确切的过去时间)Ihave seen the film.(不知过去具体什么时间看的)I saw the film yesterday.(就是昨天看的)He has been a student.(他现在还是学生)He was a student last year.(他现在不再是学生了)

  3、“一般过去时”与“过在完成时”的区别:

  一般过去时:表示过去某时或某一阶段发生的动作或状态。(指定时间内完成)过在完成时:表示过去某时之前发生的动作。(指定时间之前完成)I finished the book yesterday.(我昨天看的那本书,并看完了)I had finished the book by yesterday.(我在昨天之前开始看,到昨天才看完)这里关键是必须有介词by说明在“昨天之前”。如有过去时间,但无法说明在此之前的决不可用过去完成时。

  注:①“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+

  ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式。

  如:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.

  Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.

  ②表示“就.”的几个句型:Hardly/Scarcely/No sooner had+主语+过去分词+

  when/than+一般过去时。

  如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.

  No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.

  ②在before,after,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute。引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。

  After he(had)left the room,the boss came in.

  We(had)arrived home before it snowed.

  As soon as he(had)arrived in Beijing,he got in touch with his friend.

  ③如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如:

  He told me he read an interesting novel last night.

  ④由并列连词but,and等连接,表示几个连续发生的动作,或在故事中按时间顺序发生的动作用一般过去时。

  He bought a watch but lost it.

  He came here and then went to see his grandmother.

  IX.现在完成进行时态:表示过去发生的某动作一直持续到现在且仍然在进行着。

  The worker has been working in this company ever since he graduated from college.

  注:①如说话人不十分强调此动作仍在进行,也可用现在完成时。

  The worker has worked in this company since he graduated from college.

  ②有时可用现在完成进行时代替现在完成时,表示说话带有强烈的感情色彩。

  He looks very tired,for he has been painting the house all day.

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