高一英语第二十三单元

科目 英语 年级 高一文件　high1 unit23.doc标题 unit23章节 第二十三单元 关键词 高一英语第二十三单元 内容一、目的与要求： 掌握单元出现的单词和词组：如：edge, regularly, mark, flood, level, figure, rebuild, effort, extra, temple, dam, pyramid, at breakfast, in danger, date from, make a good effort, on holiday, feel like. 二、本单元知识重点与难点分析：⒈The white family are on holiday in Egypt. 怀特一定正在埃及度假。family是集体名词，当考虑到集体名词的组成部分或各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如： His family are all very tall. 他家的人个子都很高。 All my family are fond of playing football. 我们全家都喜欢踢足球。 Our class are all for this plan. 我们全班的人都赞成这个计划。 当把它作为一个整体来考虑时，谓语动词应用单数形式，例如： Your family is a happy one. 你的家是一个幸福的家庭。 My family is a large family. 我的家是一个大家庭。 Our class has twenty boys and thirty girls. 我们班有20个男生，30个女生。⒉I’d prefer to do that tomorrow. 我宁愿明天去参观阿斯旺市容。⑴to do that是指上文所说的“visit the town of Aswan.”为了避免重复，常用do that来代替上文所提到的动作。例如：─When you get there, be sure to write to me at once. 当你到那后，务必马上给我写封信。─OK, I’ll do that. (=I’ll write to you at once when I get there)好吧，我会马上给你写信的。⑵prefer是及物动词，作“宁愿”，“更喜欢”解，后面可跟名词，代词，不定式，动名词等，作prefer的宾语。本句中prefer的宾语是不定式“to do that tomorrow”。例如： He prefers to live in the country. 他更喜欢住在乡下。 She offered to drive us to Aswan, but we preferred to walk. 她提出要开车把我们送到阿斯旺，但是我们宁愿走着去。⒊I don’t feel like walking very much today. 今天我不想走很多路了。 feel like doing sth是一个固定的词组作“想要做某事”解，用来提出意愿或希望，它的后面常跟动词-ing形式作宾语。例如： I’m not quite myself today. I don’t feel like eating anything. 今天我感觉不舒服，不想吃任何东西。 I feel like going there alone. 我想单独到那里去。⒋Can’t we visit the High Dam? 我们去看大坝好吗？这是一种否定疑问句，常用缩略式开头（如Can’t, Don’t, Won’t等），用来提出邀请或征求意见。这种疑问句常表示希望得到肯定的回答。否定疑问句还可表示对某事没有做或没有发生感到惊奇，含有批语或责备的意思。例如：Don’t you want to see the film with me? 同我一起去看电影好吗？（难道你不想和我一起去看电影？）Can’t you wait for me here for a little while? 你在这儿等我一会儿好吗？（你难道不能在这儿等我一会儿？） It’s getting dark. Can’t you walk a little faster? 天快黑了，你不能走快点吗？（说话人觉得对方走慢了，含有责备的口吻） Haven’t you done your homework yet? 难道你还没有做完作业吗？ Don’t you think it’s a lovely place? 你难道不认为这地方很美吗？ Won’t you come in for a minute? 你不进来呆一会儿吗？⒌I’d like to take a boat on the River Nile. 我想坐小船在尼罗河上玩一玩。 I’d like/love to do sth. 是一种日常交际用语，用来表示意愿或希望，意思是“我很想，很愿意做某事” 例如：Would you like to tell us something about America? 你给我们讲讲有关美国的情况好吗？ I’d like to go out for a walk. 我想出去散散步。 We’d love to go swimming with you. 我们很愿意同你一起去游泳。⒍Then anyone who wants to can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip. 乘船游览以后，凡是想去的人就可以去阿斯旺各处走一走。 Who wants to是一个定语从句，修饰先行词anyone。to后面省略了“go for a walk”，以避免重复。例如： “would you like to join us is the travel ? ── “ Yes, I’d like to.” “你想跟我们一起去旅行吗？”──“是的'，我很想去。”⒎The new dam controls the waters of the Nile so that they now run regularly all through the year. 新的大坝控制着河水，使之一年到头都能正常流过。 water是不可数名词，但在本句中waters用复数形式，是指（湖、河等的）水域。也可指（某国附近的）海域。例如： The waters of the lake flow out over a large waterfall. 这个湖的水流出后形成了一个大瀑布。 The head-waters of the Nile. 尼罗河的源头。 The stormy waters of the Atlantic. 大西洋多暴风雨的海域。Britisn water英国的海域in home/foreign waters在本国的/他国的海域⒏Electricity can now be made from the water which rushes through the base of the dam. 从水坝底部急速流出的水现在可以用来发电。 这是一个复合句，主句是Electriciey can now be made from the water. Which rushes through the base of the dam是定语从句，修饰先行词water。 rush在句中是不可物动词，作“冲”，“奔”解。有“（猛烈地或匆匆）来或去”（go or come with violence or speed）的意思。例如： Water went rushing through the lock gates. 水流经水闸时十分流急。 The children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang. 铃声一响，孩子们就从教室里冲了出来。They rushed downstairs to meet their old friends. 他们争忙冲下楼去迎接老朋友。⒐Also, around the area of Aswan there are a lot of important old temples, which date from about 1250BC. 而且在阿斯旺地区的周围还有许多重要的古庙，它们是公元前1250年左右建起来的。 ⑴Which date from about 1250 BC. 是一个非限制性定语从句，在关系代词之前通常用逗号把从句和主句分开，同限定性定语从句相比，非限定性定语从句限定性不强，只是对先行词作些补充说明，翻译时通常分别译成两个句子。例如：Yesterday I met Li Pin, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我遇到李平了，他好象很忙。 Prefessor Wang, whom I met this morning, asked you to ring him up.今天早晨，我遇到王教授了，他要你给他打电话。⑵date from/back to是一个动词短语，表示“（从某时期起）就已存在”（to have existed since the date of building or origin），可译作“从某时期开始（有）”，“可追溯到”或“是……时代开始有的”等。例如：This castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡建于14世纪。My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays. 我对集邮产生的兴趣是从学生时代就开始了。This town dates back to the Roman times. 这座城镇的历史可以追溯到罗马时期。⒑If was carved in the rock and had on the outside four large stone figures, each of which was 20 metres high. 这座寺庙凿雕在岩石中，外边有四尊大型石雕像，每个高20米。 each of which was 20 metres high是一个非常限制性定语从句，each of which=each of the four figures, 这种定语从句是用“名词（或代词）+介词+关系代词”来引导的。类似的句子如下： On her desk are two books, both of which are about Chinese history. 她的书桌上有两本书，这两本书都是讲述中国历史的。Yesterday he bought two books, one of which is about American history. 昨天，他买了两本书，其中一本是讲述美国历史的。They live in a house, the door of which opens to the north. There are about three hundred teachers in our school, most of whom are women. 我们学校大约有300名教师，他们中多数是女教师。 China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 中国有数百个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。⒒In all, 1700 workers and 200 other people worked on the project. 总共有1700名工人和200名其它工作人员参加了这项工程。in all是一个介词词组，作“总共”，“总计”解。相当于in total = altogerther。例如：That will cost you 500 dollars in all(in total). 你总共要花500美元。The cost of the project amounts in total to 25,000 US dollars. 这项工程的费用总计25,000美元。I spent three hundred yuan in all on these books. 我总共花了300元买这些书。 ⒓Today you can either fly to Abu Simbel or take a boat from across the lake. 今天你可以乘飞机去阿布辛波古庙，或者从湖的对岸乘小船去。from across the lake意思是“从湖的对岸”，相当于from the other side of the lake. From后还可跟一个介语短语。例如：I saw them coming towards me from across the street. 我看见他们从对面朝我走过来。They saw a yellow dog run out from behind the door. 他们看见一只大黄狗从门后跑了出来。A white cat ran out from under the bed. 一只白猫从床底下跑了出来。⒔All the visitors who go there believe that it was right that the temple was rescued. 去那儿参观的人都认为拯救这寺庙是做得对的。这是一个复合句。All the visitors…believe…是主句，who go there是宾语从句修饰先行词visitors，believe后边是由连词that引导的宾词从句，而这个宾语从句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句（that the temple was rescued）。⒕“3 practice”中的第二句：Inside the temple is a row of stone animals, which face the rising sun. 寺庙内有一排动物石雕像，它们都面朝着一轮旭日。⑴句中face是及物动词，作“面对”，“朝着”解，例如：Our house faces the street. 我们的房子朝着大街。He turned around and faces Mr. Smith. 他转过身来，面对着史密斯先生。We must face the difficulties and try to overcome them. 我们必须正视困难，并努力去克服它们。⑵“Inside the temple is a row of stone animals…”这是一个倒装句，主语是a row of stone animals. 谓语动词是is, inside the temple是介词短语。例装的原因，一是语法结构的需要，一是为了强调。此句倒装不是为了强调，而是语法结构的需要。例如： Around the house are rows of trees, which were planted around two hundred years ago. 房屋的四周有一排排的树，它们都是大约200年前种植的。

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